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水性聚氨酯生產(chǎn)工藝及配方

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2018/10/29 瀏覽次數(shù)：

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水性聚氨酯自從20世紀(jì)70年代在我國(guó)出現(xiàn)至今已有將近50年發(fā)展歷史，涉及的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也從當(dāng)初的皮革涂飾發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的幾乎涵蓋國(guó)民生活所有領(lǐng)域。在十二五期間，順應(yīng)環(huán)保、安全、低碳潮流的水性聚氨酯材料將迎來(lái)高速發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代。

Waterborne polyurethane has been developing for nearly 50 years since its appearance in China in 1970s, and its application area has also been developed from the original leather finishing to almost all areas of national life nowadays. During 12th Five-Year, waterborne polyurethane materials, which conform to environmental protection, safety and low carbon trend, will usher in the golden age of high speed development.

水性聚氨酯區(qū)別于溶劑型聚氨酯的關(guān)鍵在于其以水為分散介質(zhì)，因此，要制得水性聚氨酯關(guān)鍵是要將聚氨酯水性化，聚氨酯水性化方法主要有以下幾種：

The key of waterborne polyurethane is different from solvent polyurethane, and it uses water as the dispersing medium. Therefore, the key to make waterborne polyurethane is waterborne polyurethane and polyurethane waterborne methods.

外乳化法將適當(dāng)分子質(zhì)量聚氨酯預(yù)聚物緩慢加入到含乳化劑的水中，形成粗粒乳液，再送入乳化器形成粒徑適當(dāng)?shù)娜橐海@種乳化方法關(guān)鍵是乳化劑的選擇，此法對(duì)乳化設(shè)備的要求很高，它隨著預(yù)聚體黏度的降低而分散程度提高，多數(shù)情況下可在水中進(jìn)行擴(kuò)鏈(常用二胺)，這時(shí)，建議冷卻到 5 ℃左右，然后在均化器中使之分散成乳液，當(dāng)然，通常乳化溫度也是乳化效果的重要影響因素。

The external emulsification method appropriate molecular weight polyurethane prepolymer containing emulsifier slowly into the water, the formation of coarse emulsion, and then into the formation of emulsifier emulsion particle size appropriate, the key is the choice of emulsifier emulsification method, this method of emulsifying equipment is very high, it decreased with increasing viscosity of prepolymer and the degree of dispersion to improve, in most cases by chain extension in water (usually two, then suggest amine) cooled to about 5 DEG C, and then in a homogenizer to disperse into emulsion, of course, is usually important influence emulsification temperature emulsifying effect factors.

外乳化法工藝簡(jiǎn)單，但卻存在以下缺點(diǎn)：

External emulsification method has the advantages of simple process, but has the following disadvantages:

(1) 在分散階段需要強(qiáng)力攪拌設(shè)備，攪拌情況對(duì)分散液性能影響很大；

(1) need strong mixing equipment in the dispersed phase, stirring conditions have great influence on the dispersion properties of;

(2) 制得的分散液粒徑較大，一般大于 1.0μm，且粒徑分布寬，貯存穩(wěn)定性差；

(2) was prepared by dispersing the larger particle size, generally more than 1 m, and the particle size distribution is wide, poor storage stability;

(3) 乳化劑的存在影響成膜后膠膜的耐水性、強(qiáng)韌性和粘接性等力學(xué)和其他使用性能。

(3) the presence of emulsifier film film after water resistance, strong toughness and adhesion of the mechanical and other properties.

國(guó)內(nèi)水性聚氨酯乳液的制備多采用聚合物自乳化法，即在聚合物分子側(cè)鏈上引入適量的親水性基團(tuán)，在一定條件下分散形成穩(wěn)定乳液。此種方法的關(guān)鍵是如何將適當(dāng)?shù)挠H水性基團(tuán)引入聚氨酯分子結(jié)構(gòu)，且將其良好地分散于水中。國(guó)內(nèi)一般多借助含親水基團(tuán)擴(kuò)鏈劑將親水性基團(tuán)引入硬段中。這會(huì)影響硬段的規(guī)整性而降低硬段的結(jié)晶性；國(guó)外多用一種含親水基團(tuán)的大分子活潑氫化合物，并以此為軟段合成了聚氨酯乳液，這樣，不會(huì)影響硬段的規(guī)整性；建議可以將芳香族多異氰酸酯和多元醇的預(yù)聚物磺化，在苯環(huán)上引入-SO3H基團(tuán)，在軟、硬段中同時(shí)引入離子基團(tuán)制得磺酸鹽型水性聚氨酯，得到的聚氨酯乳液綜合性能較好。

Domestic waterborne polyurethane emulsion was synthesized by polymer self emulsification method, namely the amount of hydrophilic polymer molecules in the side chain, forming a stable emulsion dispersion under certain conditions. The key of this method is how to introduce the appropriate hydrophilic group into the polyurethane molecular structure and disperse it well in the water. In China, hydrophilic groups are introduced into hard segments by using hydrophilic group chain extenders. This will affect the regularity of the crystalline hard segments decreased with the hard segment; foreign macromolecules containing a hydrophilic group, active hydrogen compounds, and as the soft segment of polyurethane emulsion, synthetic way, will not affect the regularity of the hard segments; can be aromatic isocyanate and polyol prepolymer from sulfonation, -SO3H group introduced on the benzene ring, while the introduction of ionic groups in the soft and hard segments in the sulfonated waterborne polyurethane, polyurethane emulsion has better comprehensive performance.

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