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水性聚氨酯膠黏劑在汽車內(nèi)飾中的應(yīng)用

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2018/12/21 瀏覽次數(shù)：

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水性聚氨酯膠黏劑在汽車內(nèi)飾中的應(yīng)用
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesive in automobile interior decoration
汽車內(nèi)飾膠是指汽車頂棚、地板、地毯、儀表板、門板等內(nèi)飾件的粘結(jié)，多采用聚氨酯、氯丁等膠粘劑。

Automotive interior adhesive refers to the bonding of automobile ceiling, floor, carpet, dashboard, door panel, and so on.

汽車內(nèi)飾用泡沫背襯乙烯基塑料、織物與纖維板和其他硬質(zhì)基材的粘接，過去一直使用溶劑型膠粘劑，而溶劑型膠粘劑正是車內(nèi)VOC最主要的來源之一，隨著環(huán)保法規(guī)的健全以及人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，溶劑型汽車膠粘劑將會(huì)逐漸被環(huán)保型膠粘劑所取代，尤其是水性汽車內(nèi)飾膠的推廣應(yīng)用勢(shì)在必行。

The automotive interior is bonded with vinyl plastic, fabric and fiberboard and other hard substrates. Solvent adhesives have been used in the past. Solvent based adhesives are one of the most important sources of VOC in the car. With the improvement of environmental regulations and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, solvent based automotive adhesives will gradually be developed. It is necessary to popularize the environmentally friendly adhesive, especially the waterborne automotive interior adhesive.

與溶劑型聚氨酯膠黏劑相比，水性聚氨酯膠黏劑具有以下特點(diǎn)：
Compared with solvent based polyurethane adhesives, waterborne polyurethane adhesives have the following characteristics:
1、無溶劑，環(huán)保，能提供更安全的工作和使用環(huán)境。
1, solvent free, environmental protection, can provide safer work and use of the environment.
2、黏度低，且不隨聚合物相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量的改變有明顯差異，因此，可通過提高水性聚氨酯的相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量以提高其內(nèi)聚強(qiáng)度和初粘強(qiáng)度；而溶劑型膠粘劑的黏度則隨聚合物相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量的增高呈指數(shù)關(guān)系上升，交聯(lián)時(shí)易產(chǎn)生凝膠。
2, the viscosity is low and does not vary obviously with the change of the molecular weight of the polymer. Therefore, the relative molecular mass of the waterborne polyurethane can be improved to improve its cohesive strength and initial adhesion strength, while the viscosity of the solvent based adhesive increases exponentially with the increase of the molecular weight of the polymer, and it is easy to produce a coagulant when the polymer is crosslinked. Glue.
3、固含量可高達(dá)50%，而大多溶劑型聚氨酯膠粘劑的固含在20%左右，且溶劑型的黏度隨固含量增大而急劇上升，相比之下水性聚氨酯更容易調(diào)整配方。
3, the solid content can be as high as 50%, while most solvent polyurethane adhesives are contained in about 20%, and the viscosity of solvent type increases sharply with the increase of solid content, and it is easier to adjust the formula than the water polyurethane.
4、對(duì)各種基材如PC，ABS的粘著力與溶劑型相當(dāng)，但對(duì)PP等基材的粘接必須做表面處理。
4, the adhesion of various substrates such as PC and ABS is the same as that of solvent, but the adhesion to PP and other substrates must be treated by surface treatment.
5、干燥過程比溶劑型慢，耗能較大。
5, the drying process is slower than the solvent type, and the energy consumption is larger.
6、投資成本低，無需溶劑回收和防火防爆設(shè)施。
6, low investment cost, no solvent recovery and fire and explosion protection facilities.
水性聚氨酯膠粘劑按照不同的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)可分為三大類：熱活化粘接、濕法粘接（接觸膠）和冷粘。
Waterborne polyurethane adhesives can be classified into three categories according to their application characteristics: thermal activation bonding, wet bonding (contact rubber) and cold bonding.
熱活化粘接是指膠粘劑在上膠之后，經(jīng)過干燥，加熱干膠層，使膠層在一定的溫度下產(chǎn)生初粘力，然后再與被粘基材在一定的壓力、時(shí)間下復(fù)合的一種粘接方式。熱活化粘接是水性聚氨酯膠粘劑最常用的一種應(yīng)用方式。大多數(shù)水性聚氨酯分散體的產(chǎn)品可適用于配置熱活化膠（圖1）。
Thermal activation bonding is a kind of bonding method, after the adhesive is used, after drying, drying, heating the dry glue layer, making the adhesive layer at a certain temperature to produce the initial adhesive force, and then combined with the sticky substrate in a certain pressure and time. Thermally activated bonding is one of the most common applications of waterborne polyurethane adhesives. Most products of waterborne polyurethane dispersions are suitable for the deployment of heat activated adhesives (Figure 1).
熱活化粘接的過程示意
The process of thermal activation bonding
對(duì)于熱活化粘接，結(jié)晶速率的快慢直接影響初粘強(qiáng)度的高低和初始耐熱性。一般地，結(jié)晶速率越快，初始粘接強(qiáng)度越大，初始耐熱性也越好，粘接達(dá)到最終強(qiáng)度的時(shí)間也更短。另一方面，相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量的大小又影響到內(nèi)聚強(qiáng)度和耐熱性，相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量越大，內(nèi)聚強(qiáng)度高，最終耐熱性好。微信公眾號(hào)：nonVOC。
For thermal activation bonding, the rate of crystallization directly affects the initial viscosity strength and initial heat resistance. In general, the faster the crystallization rate, the greater the initial bonding strength, the better the initial heat resistance, and the shorter the time to reach the final strength. On the other hand, the relative molecular mass affects cohesive strength and heat resistance. The greater the molecular weight, the higher cohesive strength and the better heat resistance. WeChat public number: nonVOC.
濕法粘接是指粘接過程不需要熱活化且在水分干燥之前即可進(jìn)行粘合的一種粘接方式，這類膠粘劑可稱為聚氨酯型的接觸膠。這類粘接方式通常適用于粘接多孔性材料或具有吸水性的材料如織物、海綿、無紡布、木材、紙張等。
Wet bonding is a bonding process that does not need thermal activation and can be bonded before water drying. This kind of adhesive can be called polyurethane type contact adhesive. This type of bonding is usually applied to porous materials or absorbent materials such as fabrics, sponges, non-woven fabrics, wood and paper.
冷粘是指膠粘劑經(jīng)過干燥后，在一定的時(shí)間段以內(nèi)不需要加熱即可直接進(jìn)行貼合形成牢固粘接的一種粘接方式。適合這種粘接方式的膠粘劑具有較長的開放時(shí)間，通常屬于低結(jié)晶型或無定形類的膠粘劑。
Cold sticky means that after drying, the adhesive can be directly bonded to form a bonding method without heating during a certain period of time. Adhesives suitable for this bonding process have a longer opening time and are usually low crystalline or amorphous adhesives.
水性聚氨酯膠粘劑在汽車內(nèi)飾的應(yīng)用
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesives in automobile interior
水性聚氨酯膠粘劑可應(yīng)用于汽車內(nèi)飾門板、儀表板、頂棚、座椅、地毯、后置物板、行李箱蓋板、扶手包邊等部件的粘接。
Waterborne polyurethane adhesives can be used in automotive interior door panels, dashboards, roofs, seats, carpets, rear panels, trunk cover plates, armrest edges and other parts .
水性聚氨酯膠粘劑在汽車內(nèi)飾件粘接的典型應(yīng)用部件
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesive in automotive interior trim
采用水性聚氨酯膠粘劑替代溶劑型膠粘劑可顯著降低VOC的排放，同時(shí)能保證可靠的粘接質(zhì)量，盡管水性聚氨酯膠粘劑價(jià)格較溶劑型高，但由于其固含量是溶劑型膠水的2~3倍，通過恰當(dāng)?shù)墓に嚕罱K部件的單位用膠成本可以與溶劑型相當(dāng)。
The use of waterborne polyurethane adhesive instead of solvent based adhesive can significantly reduce the emission of VOC and ensure reliable bonding quality. Although the price of waterborne polyurethane adhesive is higher than that of solvent type, because its solid content is 2~3 times of solvent type glue, the cost of unit use of the final components can be dissolved by the appropriate process. The dosage form is equivalent.
由于真空吸塑采用噴涂施膠，因此要求膠粘劑的黏度不能太高，以免噴涂不均和堵槍。同時(shí)黏度也不能太低而造成噴膠后膠液流淌無法形成均勻的膠膜。對(duì)溶劑型膠粘劑來說，為了降低黏度采用降低固含量的方式來配膠，使用大量的溶劑，最終揮發(fā)到空氣中。
Because vacuum coating is spray coated, the viscosity of adhesives should not be too high, so as to avoid uneven spraying and blocking guns. At the same time, the viscosity should not be too low, resulting in the flow of glue which can not form a uniform film after spraying. For solvent adhesives, in order to reduce viscosity, a solid content reduction method is used to mix the glue, and a large amount of solvent is used to volatilize into the air.
而水性膠固含高，施膠量可以控制在溶劑型膠水的三分之二或一半左右。因而最終成本相當(dāng)。
The water content of the adhesive is high and the amount of glue can be controlled by 2/3 or about half of the solvent type glue. Thus the final cost is equivalent.
從粘接效果來看，對(duì)于PC/ABS材質(zhì)，雙組分水性聚氨酯膠粘劑完全能達(dá)到和溶劑型聚氨酯膠粘劑同等的粘接效果，對(duì)于PP材質(zhì)，在不做基材預(yù)處理的情況下，雖然溶劑型聚氨酯膠粘劑潤濕性優(yōu)于水性聚氨酯膠粘劑，但溶劑型或水性聚氨酯都無法滿足強(qiáng)度要求；而基材做了預(yù)處理之后，水性聚氨酯膠粘劑和溶劑型聚氨酯膠粘劑均能滿足強(qiáng)度要求。
According to the bonding effect, for the material of PC/ABS, the double component waterborne polyurethane adhesive can achieve the same bonding effect as the solvent based polyurethane adhesive. For the material of PP, the wettability of the solvent based polyurethane adhesive is better than the waterborne polyurethane adhesive, but the solvent type or water property is better than the base material pretreatment. Polyurethane can not meet the strength requirements, and after the substrate is pretreated, both waterborne polyurethane and solvent polyurethane adhesives all meet the strength requirements.

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